英語の文書構造は4種類しかない．

• Process writing.
• Cause and effect.
• Contrast and similarity.
• Classification and definition.

これらの構造から外れた文書は読みづらく，ほとんどの場合は読まれないだろう．（学術誌なら掲載を断られる．学術誌の場合は process writing でも拒絶されるだろう．）

さて，どうせスタイルが決まっているのだから，表現方法を決めてしまうと簡単でいい．Process writing は単にセンテンスを並べていくだけなので -> でつなぐのがよい．

並列なプロセスは中括弧 { } と縦棒 | で並べよう．

Cause and effect はまず最初にeffectを書いてからcauseを書く．そこで <= でつなぐのがよい．

残りの構造は後日として，ひとまず例をあげる．アップルの公式サイトから．

The iPhone 4 has been the most successful product launch in Apple’s history. It has been judged by reviewers around the world to be the best smartphone ever, and users have told us that they love it. So we were surprised when we read reports of reception problems, and we immediately began investigating them.

構造を表現してみると，こうなる．

The iPhone 4 has been the most successful product launch in Apple’s history. <= { It has been judged by reviewers around the world to be the best smartphone ever, | and users have told us that they love it. } -> So we were surprised when we read reports of reception problems, -> and we immediately began investigating them.